Justice

                               Justice

Justice is primarily a concept of morality. In short it is an ethical concept. The Marxist view of Justice is that its origin lies in the area of economics. According to Marx, the positive law of the State is imposed on its members by the authority of the class which controls the means of production. Law is determined by the economic interests of the ruling class. When private property is abolished and the means of production are controlled by the working class. Therefore the content of justice depends upon this thing that who controls the means of production? When the state withers away, as contemplated by the Communist,there will be justice without economic origin.

Legal Justice

When we apply the modern concept of justice,then we have to think of legal,political,social and economic justice. Legal justice is related to the process of law making and the judicial system of the society. In other words it means that law should be just and there should be independent system of justice. Law has not only to be reasonable but also equal for all. If the law has to be reasonable and just,there the law making institutions should be rational and just. Independent judiciary should have the power to judge the rationality and legality of the law.
According to Barker,"justice in the legal sense consists not only of an efficient administration of law but also demands that law itself should embody human values according to the level of development of social consciousness. If the law does not reflect the changing social values,it will stand in the way of social progress and ultimately it will have to be discarded."

Political Justice

Political justice implies the establishment of fully democratic political institutions. Therefore the legislature should be elected on the basis of adult franchise. The executive should be responsible to legislature. An independent judiciary should be established and there should be a rule of law. Freedom of thought,expression,speech and press must be guaranteed. Freedom to form association must exist. Besides that political justice means equal right to vote and equal share in government services.
The idea of political justice and equality is explained in Article I of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 in these words,"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

Social Justice

It means that equal social opportunities must be available to all people to develop their personalities. No person should be deprived of those social conditions which are essential for his development. The issue of social justice is associated with equality and social rights. Social justice is available in that society only where the exploitation of man by man does not exist. Social and political justice are intimately connected because a politically unjust society can never be socially just.

Economic Justice

The concept of liberals and Marxists totally differ about economic justice. The liberals believe that economic justice can be attained in the society if the State provides welfare service and there is a progressive system of taxation. The liberals advocated and followed such a policy in the 17th and 18th centuries but the lot of masses did not improve. Marx attached economic justice with the abolition of private property and capitalist system. He held the firm conviction that in a classridden society there could be no economic justice. Economic justice could be attained only if there was the abolition of private property and the capitalist system and instead a classless society was established. According to Marx,economic justice could be attained only in a communist society and never in a capitalist society.